Homocysteine

Homocysteine is an amino acid involved in methylation and cardiovascular health. Elevated levels indicate poor methylation, often due to deficiencies in folate or B12, increasing the risk of heart disease, cognitive decline, and inflammation-related disorders.

Folate

Folate (vitamin B9) is crucial for DNA synthesis, red blood cell production, and methylation. It converts homocysteine into methionine, supporting detoxification and neurological health. Deficiency can impair methylation, leading to elevated homocysteine and potential cardiovascular or cognitive issues.

Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 is essential for energy production, nerve function, and methylation. It works with folate to convert homocysteine into methionine. Deficiency can cause neurological issues, anemia, poor methylation, and increased homocysteine levels, impacting overall health.