What is Amylase?

Amylase is a digestive enzyme produced by the pancreas and salivary glands that helps break down carbohydrates into simple sugars. This process is essential for energy production and overall digestive health. Because amylase is released into the bloodstream when the pancreas or salivary glands are inflamed or damaged, it serves as an important marker of pancreatic function and digestive disorders.

What Affects Amylase Levels?

1. Pancreatic Health

Since the pancreas is a major producer of amylase, any condition that impacts pancreatic function can alter its levels. Increased amylase may indicate:

• Acute or chronic pancreatitis
• Gallstones blocking the pancreatic ducts
• Pancreatic tumors or cysts

On the other hand, low amylase levels may suggest long-term pancreatic damage or pancreatic insufficiency, where the pancreas no longer produces enough digestive enzymes.

2. Salivary Gland Conditions

Because the salivary glands also produce amylase, issues affecting them can lead to increased levels. These include:

• Mumps (a viral infection causing swollen salivary glands)
• Blocked salivary ducts
• Sjogren’s syndrome, an autoimmune condition that affects saliva production

3. Alcohol Consumption & Lifestyle Factors

Chronic alcohol consumption can increase amylase production and contribute to pancreatitis, leading to digestive problems over time. Additionally, conditions like kidney disease, which affect how enzymes are cleared from the body, may also cause fluctuations in amylase levels.

What Are Normal Amylase Levels?

The optimal serum amylase range is 29-60 U/L. Deviations from this range can indicate underlying health issues.

High Amylase Levels: Causes & Risks

Elevated amylase levels may suggest:

• Acute pancreatitis or pancreatic inflammation
• Gallstones or pancreatic duct obstruction
• Salivary gland infections like mumps
• Gastrointestinal conditions, such as ulcers or intestinal blockages

Low Amylase Levels: Causes & Risks

Low amylase levels are less common but can be linked to:

• Chronic pancreatitis, where the pancreas loses its ability to produce enzymes
• Cystic fibrosis, which affects enzyme secretion and digestion
• Severe pancreatic insufficiency, leading to poor digestion and nutrient malabsorption